Parts of the Brain Involved with Memory
Parts of the Brain Involved with Memory Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Explain the brain functions involved in memory Recognize the roles of the hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebellum Are memories stored in just one part of the brain, or are they stored in many different parts of […]
How Memory Functions
How Memory Functions Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Discuss the three basic functions of memory Describe the three stages of memory storage Describe and distinguish between procedural and declarative memory and semantic and episodic memory Memory is an information processing system; therefore, we often compare it to […]
The Source of Intelligence
The Source of Intelligence Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Describe how genetics and environment affect intelligence Explain the relationship between IQ scores and socioeconomic status Describe the difference between a learning disability and a developmental disorder A young girl, born of teenage parents, lives with her grandmother […]
Measures of Intelligence
Measures of Intelligence Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Explain how intelligence tests are developed Describe the history of the use of IQ tests Describe the purposes and benefits of intelligence testing While you’re likely familiar with the term “IQ” and associate it with the idea of intelligence, […]
What Are Intelligence and Creativity?
What Are Intelligence and Creativity? Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Define intelligence Explain the triarchic theory of intelligence Identify the difference between intelligence theories Explain emotional intelligence Define creativity A four-and-a-half-year-old boy sits at the kitchen table with his father, who is reading a new story aloud […]
Problem Solving
Problem Solving Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Describe problem solving strategies Define algorithm and heuristic Explain some common roadblocks to effective problem solving and decision making People face problems every day—usually, multiple problems throughout the day. Sometimes these problems are straightforward: To double a recipe for pizza […]
Language
Language Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Define language and demonstrate familiarity with the components of language Understand the development of language Explain the relationship between language and thinking Language is a communication system that involves using words and systematic rules to organize those words to transmit information from […]
What Is Cognition?
What Is Cognition? Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Describe cognition Distinguish concepts and prototypes Explain the difference between natural and artificial concepts Describe how schemata are organized and constructed Imagine all of your thoughts as if they were physical entities, swirling rapidly inside your mind. How is […]
Observational Learning (Modeling)
Observational Learning (Modeling) Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Define observational learning Discuss the steps in the modeling process Explain the prosocial and antisocial effects of observational learning Previous sections of this chapter focused on classical and operant conditioning, which are forms of associative learning. In observational learning, we […]
Operant Conditioning
Operant Conditioning Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Define operant conditioning Explain the difference between reinforcement and punishment Distinguish between reinforcement schedules The previous section of this chapter focused on the type of associative learning known as classical conditioning. Remember that in classical conditioning, something in the environment […]
